On the evolution of the concept of probability as a mirror of the evolution of reason

ArXi:2606.00102v1 Announce Type: new Over the centuries, probability theory has grown from the calculus of games of chance into a central framework for reasoning under uncertainty. This article interprets that evolution not merely as a mathematical history, but as a transformation of rationality itself. From Pascal and Fermat's combinatorial symmetry to the inductive logic of Bayes and Laplace, from Poisson's statistics of events to Kolmogoro's axiomatic formalization, probability progressively incorporated uncertainty, time, and coherence into scientific judgment.