Large-Scale AI and Foundation Models for Neuroscience: A Comprehensive Review

ArXi:2510.16658v3 Announce Type: replace The development of large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models is influencing neuroscience research by enabling end-to-end learning from raw brain signals and neural data. In this paper, we review applications of large-scale AI models across four major neuroscience domains: neuroimaging and data processing, brain-computer interfaces and neural decoding, clinical decision and translational frameworks, and disease-specific applications across neurological and psychiatric disorders.