AI RESEARCH
Multi-market value-stacking: Battery control for combined imbalance participation and non-uniform FCR bidding
arXiv CS.AI
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ArXi:2605.23964v1 Announce Type: cross The growing share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in modern power systems increases both grid imbalances and frequency deviations, reinforcing the need for ancillary services such as Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) and passive balancing. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are well-suited for these services, but prior research typically relies on uniform FCR bids that remain constant throughout the control period.