Beyond Scalar Objectives: Expert-Feedback-Driven Autonomous Experimentation for Scientific Discovery at the Nanoscale

ArXi:2605.21820v1 Announce Type: new Self-driving laboratories or autonomous experimentation are emerging as transformative platforms for accelerating scientific discovery. Bayesian optimization (BO) is among the most widely used machine learning frameworks for these purposes, but these BO-based frameworks rely on predefined scalar descriptors to guide experimentation. In many situations, the determination of an appropriate scalar descriptor can be challenging, and may fail to capture subtle yet scientifically important phenomena apparent to experts with interdisciplinary insight.